Navigating the Technical Guidance
This Circular is a reader's guide to the full Technical Guidance. It maps the conceptual framework from TG-0.1 General Introduction to Ocean Accounts to specific circulars and provides role-based reading pathways. Read this after TG-0.1 to plan your route through the remaining circulars.
Not sure which circular to read first? Use the interactive Find the right circular tool—it offers three entry points: a guided question flow, a faceted topic and stage browser, and a free-text description search.
1. Outcome
This Circular provides readers with a comprehensive navigation guide to the Technical Guidance on Ocean Accounting. Readers will understand how the conceptual framework in TG-0.1 General Introduction to Ocean Accounts maps to specific circulars, identify dependencies between circulars, and find appropriate reading pathways based on their role and interests.
For a personalised route through the guidance—especially if you are new to ocean accounting or are unsure where your work fits—visit the Find the right circular tool, which lets you browse by topic, workflow stage, or a short text description of your task.
2. Requirements
Essential prerequisites:
- TG-0.1 General Introduction to Ocean Accounts—for the conceptual framework and the Ocean Accounts Framework structure
3. Structure Overview
3.1 Stability Classification (Badges)
Each circular carries a stability badge indicating its relationship to underlying standards. The three badges are Core, Applied, and Emerging—full definitions and update triggers are in TG-0.4 Section 3.3. As a quick orientation: Core circulars (e.g. TG-0.1) are updated only when standards are formally revised; Applied circulars (e.g. TG-3.1) follow an annual review cycle; Emerging circulars address topics under active development.
| Badge | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Core | Based on adopted international standards (SNA, SEEA) | TG-0.1, TG-0.6 |
| Applied | Interprets standards for ocean context; stable but may evolve | TG-3.1, TG-6.1 |
| Emerging | Addresses topics where standards are still developing | TG-3.5, TG-6.5 |
3.2 Version Numbering
Version numbers are recorded in each circular's frontmatter version field (e.g., version: "2.0"). The circular ID format is TG-[Section].[Number] (e.g., TG-0.1). Major version increments reflect substantive content changes; minor increments reflect editorial improvements. Full revision policy is in TG-0.4 Section 6.
4. Edge Mapping: Framework to Circulars
This table maps the 11 accounting relationships (edges) from TG-0.1 Figure 0.1.2 to the circulars that address each relationship. Edges E3, E4, and E11 are bidirectional—reflecting mutual exchanges between the domains they connect:
Abbreviations: FG1 = Focal Group 1: Ocean Economy; FG2 = Focal Group 2: Ocean Society; FG3 = Focal Group 3: Intermediate Ecosystem Services; SG1 = Supporting Group 1: National Accounts (SNA framework); SG2 = Supporting Group 2: Social Conditions; SG3 = Supporting Group 3: Ocean Environment and Ecosystem. Full definitions in TG-0.1 §2.
| Edge | Direction | Description | Primary Circular(s) | Relevant pathways |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| E1 | FG1→SG3 | Pollution/residuals from economy to environment | 3.4 Flows econ→env, 2.7 Pollution flows | 5.2 National Statistician, 5.3 Ecosystem Analyst |
| E2 | FG2→SG3 | Pollution/residuals from society to environment | 3.4 Flows econ→env, 3.5 Social accounts | 5.2, 5.6 Social Scientist |
| E3 | FG1↔SG1 | Monetary flows between assets and economic sectors | 3.1 Assets, 3.3 Economic activity | 5.2, 5.4 Blue Finance |
| E4 | FG2↔SG1 | Social activities ↔ SNA assets | 3.5 Social accounts | 5.6 Social Scientist |
| E5 | FG1→SG2 | Economic contributions to social conditions | 3.5 Social accounts, 3.3 Economic activity | 5.2, 5.6 |
| E6 | FG2→SG2 | Social activities to social conditions | 3.5 Social accounts, 3.7 Governance | 5.6, 5.7 Implementation Coordinator |
| E7 | SG2→FG1 | Social assets enabling economic flows | 3.7 Governance, 3.3 Economic activity | 5.6, 5.7 |
| E8 | SG2→FG2 | Social assets enabling social activities | 3.5 Social accounts, 3.7 Governance | 5.6 |
| E9 | SG3→FG1 | Ecosystem services to economy (SEEA) | 3.2 Flows env→econ, 2.4 Ecosystem goods/services | 5.2, 5.3, 5.4 |
| E10 | SG3→FG2 | Ecosystem services to society | 3.2 Flows env→econ, 3.5 Social accounts | 5.3, 5.6 |
| E11 | FG3↔SG3 | Intermediate ecosystem services | 3.2 Flows env→econ, 2.1 Biophysical indicators | 5.3, 5.2 |
5. Audience Pathways
Each pathway below is organised into a core reading sequence and optional extensions. The core sequence is the minimum reading required to understand and apply the Technical Guidance for that role. Extensions provide additional depth for practitioners moving beyond initial implementation or working in specific geographic or thematic contexts. Core steps should be read in order; extensions may be taken in any order as needs arise.
For an interactive version that matches circulars to your specific role and workflow stage, use the Find the right circular tool. Ten user archetypes with curated reading sequences. A pathway for Corporate Sustainability practitioners (ESG reporting, TNFD/CSRD disclosure) is under development.
5.1 Policy Executive
Audience: Ministers, senior government officials, heads of agencies
| Entry Point | Core Sequence | Extensions |
|---|---|---|
| 0.1 General Introduction | 0.1 → relevant 1.x (policy context) → one 5.x case study | Delegate detail to technical staff |
Suggested reading: ~2 hours total
5.2 National Statistician
Audience: NSO compilers, official statisticians building ocean accounts
| Entry Point | Core Sequence | Extensions |
|---|---|---|
| 0.1 General Introduction | 0.1 → 0.2 → 3.1 → 3.2 → 3.3 → 3.4 | 4.1 → 4.2 → 4.3 (data methods); 2.x indicators for validation; 3.5–3.8 for expanded account types |
Suggested reading: NSO compilers building a first ocean account should focus on TG-3.1--3.4 before adding social or thematic modules.
5.3 Ecosystem Analyst
Audience: Technical staff measuring ecosystem assets, condition, and services
| Entry Point | Core Sequence | Extensions |
|---|---|---|
| 0.1 → 3.1 Assets | 0.1 → 3.1 → 3.2 (env→econ flows) → 2.4 (ecosystem goods/services) | 1.9 Valuation, 5.x cases |
Suggested reading: Focus on asset and flow circulars
5.4 Blue Finance Practitioner
Audience: Development banks, fund managers, sovereign debt offices, impact investors
| Entry Point | Core Sequence | Extensions |
|---|---|---|
| 1.7 Multilateral Finance | 0.1 → 3.1 → 3.2 → 1.9 → 1.7 → 1.8 | 5.2 Belize, 5.6 Maldives, 5.5 Indonesia, 2.6 Investment indicators |
Why this sequence: TG-3.1--3.2 establish the asset and flow accounts; TG-1.9 explains how to translate these into monetary values relevant to finance; TG-1.7--1.8 then show how those values inform multilateral and project-level instruments.
5.5 MSP/MPA Practitioner
Audience: Spatial planners, marine park managers operating at site or EEZ scale, coastal zone managers focused on spatial tools
| Entry Point | Core Sequence | Extensions |
|---|---|---|
| 1.2 MSP | 0.1 → 1.2 → 1.3 (MSM/MPAs) → 3.1 (assets) → 4.1 (spatial data and remote sensing) | 6.1 Coral Reefs, 6.2 Mangroves -- select thematic circulars matching your ecosystem type; 2.4 Ecosystem goods/services; 5.3 Fiji, 5.9 Vanuatu, 5.5 Indonesia |
Suggested reading: Spatially focused, with ecosystem-specific deep dives
5.6 Social Scientist
Audience: Researchers on livelihoods, equity, governance, traditional knowledge
| Entry Point | Core Sequence | Extensions |
|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Social Accounts | 0.1 → 3.5 → 3.6 (traditional knowledge) → 3.7 (governance) → 2.3 (livelihood dependencies) | 2.8 Climate indicators, 1.4 Sustainable Ocean Planning |
Suggested reading: Social-focused subset
5.7 Implementation Coordinator
Audience: Country project managers, NSO leads, inter-ministerial task force chairs
| Entry Point | Core Sequence | Extensions |
|---|---|---|
| 0.8 Readiness Assessment | 0.8 → 0.1 → 4.7 (data coordination) → 3.8 (combined presentations) → relevant 3.x | 1.10 (national planning), 5.x case studies |
Suggested reading: Start with readiness assessment, then build outward based on country phase
5.8 Research Frontier
Audience: Academics, methodologists extending ocean accounting state of the art
| Entry Point | Core Sequence | Extensions |
|---|---|---|
| 0.2 + "Emerging" circulars | 0.1 → 0.2 → all "Emerging"-badged circulars | Contribute to new emerging methods |
Suggested reading: Comprehensive; focus on unresolved questions
5.9 Sub-National Planner
Audience: Provincial and municipal planning officers, sub-national resource managers, coastal zone managers operating at local administrative scale
| Entry Point | Core Sequence | Extensions |
|---|---|---|
| 3.11 Sub-National Accounts | 0.1 → 3.11 → 3.8 → 1.2 (spatial planning decisions) | 2.1 Biophysical indicators, 6.2 Mangroves, 6.1 Coral Reefs, 5.4 India, 5.5 Indonesia |
Suggested reading: Sub-national methodology first, then ecosystem methods relevant to local context
5.10 Indigenous and Community Practitioner
Audience: Traditional resource managers, community leaders, Indigenous data custodians, organisations working on Indigenous data sovereignty
| Entry Point | Core Sequence | Extensions |
|---|---|---|
| 3.6 Traditional Knowledge | 0.1 → 3.6 → 3.5 → 1.3 (MPA/governance decisions) | 2.3 Livelihood dependencies, 3.7 Governance, 5.3 Fiji, 5.9 Vanuatu |
Suggested reading: Begin with traditional knowledge integration methods, then governance and rights framing; case studies from Fiji and Vanuatu show Pacific context applications. Not all sections of the technical guidance are equally relevant to community-level practitioners—concentrate on the circulars named above.
6. Dependency Graph
The prerequisite structure of the Technical Guidance follows three main chains:
Foundation chain: TG-0.1 → TG-0.2 → TG-0.5 (this circular); TG-0.1 is the universal entry point.
Accounts compilation chain: TG-0.1 + TG-0.2 → TG-3.1 Assets → TG-3.2 Flows env→econ → TG-3.3 Economic activity → TG-3.4 Flows econ→env. TG-3.5 to TG-3.8 extend from this core.
Decision-making chain: TG-0.1 → Section 1 circulars (independently accessible once TG-0.1 is read); Section 2 indicators typically require TG-3.1 for context.
Data methods chain: Section 4 circulars support Section 3 compilation; they can be read in parallel with or after TG-3.x.
Case study and thematic methods: Section 5 case studies and Section 6 thematic methods draw on Sections 3 and 4; they are best read after completing the relevant compilation circulars.
Key standalone circulars: TG-0.7 Quality Assurance and TG-0.8 Implementation Readiness may be read independently at any stage. (A diagram.js visual representation of these dependencies is planned for a future version.)
7. Quick Reference: All Circulars
Section 0: Concepts, Definitions and Front Matter
| ID | Title | Badge | Status | Key Dependencies |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.1 | General Introduction to Ocean Accounts | Core | Completed | -- |
| 0.2 | Overview of Relevant Statistical Standards | Core | Draft | 0.1 |
| 0.3 | General Acknowledgements | Core | Draft | -- |
| 0.4 | Structure and Focus of the Technical Guidance | Core | Draft | -- |
| 0.5 | Navigating the Technical Guidance | Core | Draft | 0.1 |
| 0.6 | Glossary of Key Terms | Core | Draft | -- |
| 0.7 | Quality Assurance Principles | Applied | Draft | 0.1 |
| 0.8 | Implementation Readiness Assessment | Applied | Draft | 0.1 |
Section 1: Using Ocean Accounts in Decision-Making
| ID | Title | Badge | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1.1 | OA and national budget processes | Applied | Draft |
| 1.2 | OA and marine spatial planning | Applied | Draft |
| 1.3 | OA and marine spatial management (including MPAs) | Applied | Draft |
| 1.4 | OA and Sustainable Ocean Planning | Applied | Draft |
| 1.5 | OA and fisheries management | Applied | Draft |
| 1.6 | OA and environmental impact assessment | Applied | Draft |
| 1.7 | OA and multilateral development finance | Applied | Draft |
| 1.8 | OA and project-level finance | Applied | Draft |
| 1.9 | Safe usage of monetary valuation | Core | Draft |
| 1.10 | OA and National Planning Integration | Applied | Draft |
| 1.11 | Ocean Accounts and Private Sector Decision-Making | Emerging | Draft |
Section 2: Indicators
| ID | Title | Badge | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2.1 | Aggregate biophysical indicators of environmental state | Applied | Draft |
| 2.2 | Macro-economic dependencies on ocean ecosystems | Applied | Draft |
| 2.3 | Social and livelihood dependencies on ocean ecosystems | Applied | Draft |
| 2.4 | Environmental (including ecosystem) goods and services | Applied | Draft |
| 2.5 | Structure and function of the ocean economy | Applied | Draft |
| 2.6 | Ocean-related investment | Applied | Draft |
| 2.7 | Pollution and other flows to environment | Applied | Draft |
| 2.8 | Climate change indicators | Applied | Draft |
| 2.9 | Disaster risk indicators | Applied | Draft |
| 2.10 | Multilateral environmental agreement indicators | Applied | Draft |
| 2.11 | Resource efficiency indicators | Applied | Draft |
| 2.12 | Spatial Data Frameworks | Applied | Planned |
Section 3: Accounts Compilation
| ID | Title | Badge | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3.1 | Asset accounts | Applied | Draft |
| 3.2 | Flows from environment to economy | Applied | Draft |
| 3.3 | Economic activity relevant to the ocean | Applied | Draft |
| 3.4 | Flows from economy to environment | Applied | Draft |
| 3.5 | Social accounts | Emerging | Draft |
| 3.6 | Traditional Knowledge | Emerging | Draft |
| 3.7 | Governance accounts | Emerging | Draft |
| 3.8 | Combined presentations | Applied | Draft |
| 3.9 | Aquaculture accounts | Applied | Draft |
| 3.10 | Offshore energy accounts | Applied | Draft |
| 3.11 | Sub-national ocean accounts | Emerging | Draft |
| 3.12 | Accounting for People | Emerging | Draft |
| 3.13 | Gender Equality and Social Inclusion | Emerging | Draft |
| 3.14 | Ethics and Data Governance | Emerging | Draft |
| 3.15 | Quantitative-Qualitative Integration | Emerging | Draft |
Section 4: Data Methods
| ID | Title | Badge | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 4.1 | Remote sensing and geospatial data | Applied | Draft |
| 4.2 | Survey methods for ocean economic activity | Applied | Draft |
| 4.3 | Administrative data sources | Applied | Draft |
| 4.4 | Citizen science and community-based monitoring | Emerging | Draft |
| 4.5 | Integrating research data into official statistics | Applied | Draft |
| 4.6 | Data harmonisation and interoperability | Applied | Draft |
| 4.7 | National Data Coordination Architectures | Applied | Draft |
| 4.8 | Physical Condition Measurement | Applied | Planned |
| 4.9 | Biological Condition Measurement | Applied | Planned |
| 4.10 | Extending Fisheries Statistics for Ecosystem-Based Management | Applied | Planned |
| 4.11 | Aligning Research Statistical Modelling with Official Statistical Methods | Applied | Planned |
| 4.12 | Transboundary Data Sharing and Integration | Applied | Planned |
Section 5: Geographic and Thematic Case Studies
| ID | Title | Badge | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5.1 | Case Study: Australia | Applied | Planned |
| 5.2 | Case Study: Belize | Applied | Planned |
| 5.3 | Case Study: Fiji | Applied | Planned |
| 5.4 | Case Study: India | Applied | Planned |
| 5.5 | Case Study: Indonesia | Applied | Planned |
| 5.6 | Case Study: Maldives | Applied | Planned |
| 5.7 | Case Study: Thailand | Applied | Planned |
| 5.8 | Case Study: United States | Applied | Planned |
| 5.9 | Case Study: Vanuatu | Applied | Planned |
| 5.10 | Case Study: Vietnam | Applied | Planned |
| 5.11 | Case Study: Kenya | Applied | Draft |
| 5.13 | Case Study: Madagascar | Applied | Draft |
Note: TG-5.12 is reserved and not yet assigned.
Section 6: Thematic Methods
| ID | Title | Badge | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 6.1 | Coral reef ecosystem accounting | Applied | Draft |
| 6.2 | Mangrove and coastal wetland accounting | Applied | Draft |
| 6.3 | Seagrass ecosystem accounting | Applied | Draft |
| 6.4 | Kelp forest and temperate reef accounting | Emerging | Draft |
| 6.5 | Pelagic and open ocean accounting | Emerging | Draft |
| 6.6 | Deep sea and ABNJ accounting | Emerging | Draft |
| 6.7 | Fisheries accounting: integrating stock assessment | Applied | Draft |
| 6.8 | Aquaculture thematic methods | Applied | Draft |
| 6.9 | Offshore energy thematic methods | Emerging | Draft |
| 6.10 | Maritime transport and ports | Applied | Draft |
| 6.11 | Coastal infrastructure accounting | Applied | Draft |
| 6.12 | Marine litter and plastics accounting | Applied | Draft |
| 6.13 | Freshwater-Marine Interaction Accounting | Emerging | Draft |
8. Cross-Cutting Themes
Some topics span multiple sections and are addressed as "threads" rather than standalone circulars:
| Theme | How It's Addressed |
|---|---|
| Monetary valuation | 3.1 Assets → 3.2 Flows env→econ → 1.9 Monetary valuation (translate accounts to monetary values) → relevant 6.x (e.g., TG-6.1 coral reef monetary valuation) → 5.x (case studies demonstrating monetised accounts) |
| Spatial methods | 0.1 (BSU concept) → 3.1 (spatial asset delineation) → 4.1 (remote sensing) → 6.x (ecosystem-specific) |
| Uncertainty | 0.7 (principles) → embedded in every 3.x and 4.x circular |
| Governance | 3.7 (accounts) → relevant 1.x (decision use) → 5.x (country cases) → 2.x (indicators) |
| Traditional knowledge | 3.6 Traditional Knowledge → 3.5 Social Accounts → 1.3 MPAs/governance → 2.3 Livelihood dependencies → 5.3 Fiji, 5.9 Vanuatu |
| Accounts as data pipeline to capital | 3.1 (baseline asset values) → 2.6 (investment indicators) → 1.7 (multilateral pipeline) → 1.8 (project structuring) → 5.x (verification cases) |
| Implementation readiness | 0.8 (self-assessment) → embedded "Implementation Considerations" notes in Sections 3, 4, 6 |
| Sub-national applicability | 3.11 (methodology) → embedded "Implementation Considerations" notes in Sections 3, 6 |
Traversed by (monetary valuation): Blue Finance (5.4), Ecosystem Analyst (5.3), National Statistician (5.2) Traversed by (traditional knowledge): Indigenous and Community Practitioner (5.10), Social Scientist (5.6)
9. Acknowledgements
Authors: [To be confirmed]
Reviewers: [To be confirmed]